Acrylic Lacquer Paint - Sanding - Buffing - Polishing

Because I used acrylic primer the only topcoat I could use was acrylic lacquer. That's the same as the original paint they used in the factory in Sweden. The Volvo 122S left the factory without a clear coat back in the days, so a clear coat is not necessary. The Volvo colour code for the paint is 99 (medium blue). But watch out when you order it; there are to different solid colours with code 99 for the Volvo. My Volvo is from 1969 so I took the '69-'71

Two different colours coded 99 from Volvo

I used paint (330 acrylic lacquer) and special acrylic thinner from protec. The mix ratio is 1 part paint - 1.5 part thinner. So to spray the car including the engine bay, boot and dash I needed around 6 litres acrylic and 9 litres thinner. I got all my paint, spray gun, compound etc. from Lonsdale Paints. I liked this shop because those people know what there're talking about and always gave me professional info and very useful tips on how to paint.

I started with the inside of the bonnet and the boot to practice a bit. With acrylic lacquer you need to apply double header coats....A double header coat means two coats of paint, the second coat sprayed immediately after the first with no flash time in between.

I applied 3 double header coats of the thinned acrylic lacquer, allowing a 5 minute flash off between coats.

Spray painted inside of the Volvo 122S bonnet

The panels came out pretty good but after 10 minutes or so it was so misty in the booth that I couldn't see a thing...Not enough airflow and ventilation.
So I decided to spray only the interior and some smaller parts and bring the rest of the car to a prof spray painter.

Right side window in blue

Dashboard Volvo 122S with new coat

Craig started spraying all the panels.

Painted panels back in the shed

Two weeks later the body got it's final coat.

Volvo back home

7 fresh coats of acrylic lacquer

With Acrylic lacquer you'll always get some orange peel (the paint finish will look like the skin of an orange).

Close up orange skin - orange peel

To get rid of the orange peel it needs to be wet sanded with 1200-1500-2000 grit followed by a buff with compound. That's why you have to put on 6-7 coats of paint; With the colour sanding, buffing and polishing you'll lose 2 coats.
Sanding with the 1200 grit will be the biggest job in the whole process because this is the part where you're sanding off all the orange peel. The 1500 and 2000 grit sanding sessions are necessary to get rid of the scratches caused by the 1200 grit.
I started sanding really careful and tried to avoid the edges of the panels. I used a soft rubber sanding block (it must have a similar softness as the mouse of your hand..) with a half sheet sand paper wrapped around it. It's really important to keep the panel you're sanding wet and to change your sandpaper regularly. If you use it too long you'll get nasty scratches caused by the build up debris in the paper. Listen carefully when sanding, if you hear a scratchy noise there's dirt between the paint and sand paper, stop sanding and clean before you continue! That's the only job I do without music.. I sanded the panels outside on the lawn because it's soft enough to put the panels on and all the water won't turn the shed into a swimming pool :)

Soft rubber sanding block

The first panel I sanded looked ok imo so I gave it a nice buff with the machine and G3. But.... All I got was a shiny orange peel look.. It needed more sanding. After a while I knew what to watch for. If you see tiny glossy spots in the sanded surface this means there's still some orange peel and the paint needs more sanding.

Sanding Acrylic Lacquer - this panel needs more sanding

Panel getting flat, almost ready to buff

For the buffing I used Farécla G3 and a prof. buffing machine (Rupes) with a sheepskin pad which I could borrow from Craig.

Rupes Buffing machine and Farécla G3 compound

Meguiars Cut'N Shine Sheep skin cutting pad

This Rupes is a pretty heavy machine with a powerful 900Watt 1800 rpm motor. When using it it's own weight is almost enough to do the job so don't apply to much pressure. When you apply to much pressure you can easily burn the paint and it's way harder to control the machine; it will go in all different directions and it's much harder to keep it horizontal. Also keep it moving over the paint, never hold it on one spot for more than a second, the paint will get to hot and will burn (the build up heat will turn the paint in "rubber", see pic below). Luckily I could buff this burned spot out witch some G3..

Paint burned..

Avoid the edges when sanding and buffing... well uhmmm I forgot it for a second... hallo again primer. Luckily Acrylic is easy to touch up. After this and the burned paint I used the Rupes only for the bigger areas, smaller parts, corners etc can be done by hand which is a bit safer...

Sanded trough the acrylic... :(

When using a sheep skin for buffing you'll get swirl marks in the paint. But with some Farécla G10 and a white soft foam pad on the Rupes you'll get rid of them.  The best way to inspect your sanding, buffing and polishing is to check it under a fluorescent light. It will highlight all the scratches and little imperfections. If it looks ok inside then it will look perfect outside :) !!

Swirl marks caused by buffing with sheep skin

Farécla G10 and a white soft foam pad on the Rupes

Polished Boot - now waiting for some wax

Roof sanded with 1200-1500-2000 grit before buffing with G3

Roof Volvo 122S after buffing with Farecla G3

Volvo 122S body shell after buffing with Farecla G3 and G10

Close up after buffing with foam pad and Farecla G10

Now the paint has to cure for a couple of weeks (normally around 4-8 weeks after painting) before I can apply the wax and Glaze. If you put wax on paint that's to fresh the wax will seal the paint and thus trapping the solvents that are still escaping the fresh paint. I some cases it can even cause the paint to lift... So I'm happy to wait a while. Still got lots of other jobs to do on the car.

Little things

Sometimes after a busy day I don't have much time for the Volvo. That's when I take on one of the many little projects.

Cleaning the windshield and rear window
The front- and rear window came out with an edge covered with old hard black sealant. I tried to get rid of it with thinner, sharp knives, aceton, etc, nothing worked.
Then I remembered I still had some paint stripper left which I used on the body of the Volvo 122S. It's a gel, so it's easy to apply. I tried it on a little part, waited for 10-15 minutes and took a blunt scraper.
It worked! The sealant had turned into black butter and I could almost wipe it of with a rag. Watch out with the edge of  your windshield, especially when the edge is a bit crumbly, because the paintstripper may get between the different layers of the glass. When all the sealant was removed I hosed the windows down with water to get rid of the paint stripper.

Windshield Volvo 122S with a lot of hard old black sealant

Paint stripper gel on top of the old hard sealant

Windshield and rear window finally nice and smooth

Fixing the tail lights 
The tail lights looked a bit dull and rusty so I took 'm apart. I cleaned all the parts with hot water and a brush. The rust on the chrome bezels wasn't from the bezels but from the rusty screws. I'm gonna replace them with Stainless steel ones later.

Tail light with bezel

The chrome on the inside of the tail lights was dull or totally gone. Two coats with chrome spray made them look like new. Don't use clear on top of the chrome paint because it will make it look darker and greyish.

Painting the chromed inside of the tail lights.
Right one with a coat of clear on top which I resprayed later

Resprayed inside of the tail lights

Tail light with bezel Volvo 122S

Wipers

Before putting back the wiper assembly I wanted to make sure that everything was working like it should be. With some inernet research and tips from my Volvo friends I tested everything on the work bench.

The wiper switch in the dash  has 4 positions; off, slow, fast and fast with washer.

Wiper switch

Wiper switch Volvo 122S - see the four  different modes

On the other side of the switch  you'll find 5 pins. 

Wiper switch Volvo 122S with 5 pins

If you take a closer look you'll see a letter next to each pin/connector :

P = green (wiper motor) and + lead from fuse box  to pos. pole battery (I tested without the fuse box  : o )

A = black (wiper motor)

F = red (wiper motor)

W = black (washer motor) (I used a brown lead in the test)

Wiper motor housing and other pin on washer motor are connected to the neg. pole of the battery.

Wiper motor Electrolux  - Volvo 122S 1969

Testing the wiper assembly

Everything worked (..of course, it's Volvo..;)

If you want more info about the different Volvo wipers, check http://www.sw-em.com/Windshield%20Wiper%20Systems.htm with lots of detailed info